Wednesday, December 26, 2012

Frederick Griffith and the Transforming Principle










Have you ever wondered who was the first to discover something, that experiment did, and with that logic did? For those who have studied biology have surely heard of Griffith experiment!
Frederick Griffith was a medical officer engaged in the study of the bacterium
pneumoniae: Streptococcus  pneumonia.
  In 1928suggested that there was a transforming principle that did change a strain of bacterium to another! He took a strain of pneumococcus bacteria, called S (S = Smoth, smooth) producing bacterial colonies smooth and shiny, but highly infectious and a strain called R (R = rough), whose colonies are wrinkled but harmless. Well, what did he do?
There are two versions of the S strain, IIS and IIIS, and an occasional strain S can change in strain R, and never by IIR to IIIS. The two strains differed in that the S strain IIIS caused the death of infected mice, which occurred in mice infected with strain IIS.
He injected in mice a mixture of live bacteria IIR (non-virulent) and with the heat-killed bacteria of type IIIS. All mice were killed by live bacteria which drew type IIIS, bacteria that could not be created for type-specific mutations by IIR.
Griffith concluded that some bacteria were transformed by IIR components of bacteria IIIS, material that he called Transforming Principle.
Then there were many researchers who resumed his experiments to understand the cellular components that allows the transformation, experiments such as Avery, Hershey and Chase experiments which I'll discuss in the future.

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